Archive for the ‘The Natural World’ Category

Horses and Helicopters

Wednesday, October 21st, 2009

Yield to horsesThere’s a truism that San Diego has more horses per capita than any other county in the US. I don’t know if that’s true today — if it ever was — but certain parts of the county still have a strong equestrian flavor.  Bonita and sections of the North County do, and stables also line the southernmost stretch of Hollister Street in Imperial Beach. Not so long ago you could rent horses from any number of the latter. Today, though, only one or two IB operations still offer trail rides to the public. One is Happy Trails.

From the Happy Trails property (at 2012 Sunset Ave.), it’s less than 2 miles to the beach — the only one in all of Southern California that still welcomes horses. Nearby lies the Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve, with Border Field State Park just to the south.  This should be an idyllic place for a ride: through an undeveloped wetlands to a deserted beach, less than 12 miles (as the crow flies) from downtown San Diego’s concrete corridors. The Happy Trails facility, too, impressed us.  Home to a dozen or so equestrian boarders and around 50 trail horses, it seemed a tidy, well-run business where the animals looked healthy and well-cared for.

The standard Happy trails sign editedbeach ride requires at least 3 hours — a bit more time than my friends and I had when we visited yesterday. So we opted instead for a 90-minute outing through the estuary. Our guide, Tamara, was personable and an expert horse handler, and horseback seemed an excellent way to experience this little-visited patch of the county. Surely it must rank among the strangest places in all of America. In the course of our ride (which actually lasted closer to 2 hours), we saw only one other person — a Hispanic cowboy, in the saddle. But despite the overgrown trails, it hardly felt like a wilderness experience. The hills of Tijuana rise up only a mile or so to the south, and I noted shattered glass, discarded drinking cups, wadded clothing, and other human detritis along the side of the dirt and sand pathways.

None of that would have struck me as too onerous a cost for the pleasure of experiencing the estuary. The Tijuana River bed in Tijuana (and just north of the border) is a dusty wasteland, dry as a bone, and tainted with a reputation forEstuary trail edited being not just unsightly but dangerous. But at its mouth the river’s channels looked wide and azure. They cut through low chaparral that held color even at this driest, most enervated time of the year. We watched a snowy egret fishing amidst the foilage. What came close to destroying the experience, alas, was the auditory assault of helicopters taking off and landing at the five pads at Ream Field. The air station directly adjoins the estuary, and it’s the only place on the West Coast where Navy helicopter pilots train. By the time we approached the beach on our horses, the unrelenting clamor reminded me of the evacuation of Saigon, during its fall. 

On the HappSeahorsey Trails website (which has coupons and lists bargain riding times) there’s a video featuring a Channel 6 reporter who went on the Happy Trails beach ride. The sight of her galloping through the sand and walking her horse through the surf still makes me want to return some day to try that.  Tamara says the only time the helicopters are silent is federal holidays. I’m thinking about Veteran’s Day… or maybe just a good pair of ear plugs.

 

Fossiliferous

Tuesday, October 6th, 2009

Within the confines of the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park are one of the richest and most varied fossil repositories (for its time) in all anza_borrego_desert_state_park_san_diegothe Western Hemisphere. The finds span most of the last 7 million years, and they include more than 550 types of plants and animals, ranging from microscopic pollen and water fleas to giant mammoths and ground sloths, ancient camels and jaguars, sabertooth cats, and the largest bird ever to fly over North America.  Though the advent of fall and cooler temperatures might make a trip to the desert begin to seem reasonable again, most visitors won’t discern much — if any — of this paleontological wealth. But I’ve discovered a wonderful key to accessing it. 

It’s Fossil Treasures of the Anza-Borrego Desert. Released a few years ago by that local trove of  natural scientific treasures, Sunbelt Publications, and edited by paleontologist George T. Jefferson and geologist Lowell Lindsay, the almost 400-page-long tome isn’t exactly bedside reading. Its 20 essays are highly technical, using language that verges at times on the impenetrable. But they’re gorgeously illustrated with hundreds of drawings, paintings, and photographs. These supplement specific points made in the text, but for me they also drive home a bigger message. The juxtaposition of so many fossils and fossil-fragment photos with drawings of the creatures from which they came serves as a bracing reminder of the staggering amounts of dry, dusty, painstaking field work — coupled with scientific sleuthing and deduction — that had to be carried out to advance our present knowledge of that 7 million-year-long story.

desert-fossils-book-coverEvocative in a different way are five full-color paintings of paleolandscapes representing the way parts of the present-day park would have looked at times ranging from 1 to 5 million years ago. The next time I’m in the desert, they’ll help me summon up that lush teeming past.

If there’s more than I care to know about, say, the fossil ark shells of the Imperial Group or the intermediate tubucle near the articulation of Equus simplicidens’s humerus with its scapula, the book also includes several excellent sub-essays on broader aspects of paleontology. How do you identify a 3-million-year-old piece of wood that’s turned into stone? What techniques do paleontologists currently use to date fossils? And why do scientists think all the local members of the camelid family (the richest assembly of pre-camels anywhere on earth) went extinct in North America?  Now I know.

Dark News for the Denizens of Borrego

Tuesday, August 4th, 2009
Photograph by Dennis Mammana of polar star trails taken from Borrego Springs

Photograph by Dennis Mammana (www.dennismammana.com) of polar star trails taken from Borrego Springs

Residents of Borrego Springs Friday got the news many had long been hoping for — namely that the town has just been designated an International Dark Sky Community by the International Dark-Sky Association. An organization with members in 70 countries that lobbies against light pollution and works to promote outdoor lighting that’s friendly to both backyard and professional astronomers, the IDA in 2001 named Flagstaff the first such community in the world. Now the local desert town can boast that it’s the second (and the first to be recognized in California).

It’s hardly the first time the town has won recognition for the purity of its darkness. In 2003, USA Today included it among 10 of the best star-gazing spots in America, and as I mentioned recently, the town also acquired an additional astronomical resource when professional astronomer Dennis Mammana decided to make Borrego the base of his global teaching and photographic work. Mammana points out that Southern California has one of the densest concentrations of amateur astronomers on Earth, and many of those folks have long appreciated the extraordinary opportunities presented by the state park.

To win the IDA honor, the Borrego Springs townsfolk made a number of changes to protect their natural resource: switching to low-pressure sodium light and fixtures that block light from escaping out the tops and sides, adjusting an aircraft beacon at the local airport, and so forth.  Fittingly, the upcoming 44th annual Borrego Days Desert Festival this October has “Starry Starry Nights”  for its theme; Mammana will be the Grand Marshall.

Stellar

Wednesday, July 1st, 2009
Dennis Mammana

Dennis Mammana

I’m always amazed by how easy it is for me to ignore the universe.  Not to mention the Milky Way. Or even the solar system. Sure I’m aware of the sun, but all the rest that’s up there — the incomprehensible distances, the astounding numbers –  I somehow find easy to forget.  That’s why attending a program like the one presided over by Dennis Mammana the other day feels a bit, to me, like going to church.
 
In an area (Southern California) rich in astronomers and astronomical resources, Mammana has to rank among the most valuable. He’s worked at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum and the University of Arizona. Then he served as the resident astronomer at San Diego’s Reuben  H. Fleet Science Center. Six years ago, he stepped down from that position and moved out to where the darkest skies in San Diego County most consistently can be found –  in the desert. There he seems to have created a thriving career as a freelance astronomer: delivering lectures, courses, and workshops; writing his nationally syndicated “Stargazers” column; leading astronomy tours all over the globe; capturing spectacular photographic images of the sky; and generally getting people to appreciate all that’s overhead.
 
The recent gathering was typical.  After dinner at the Borrego Springs Resort, Mammana gave a presentation that covered both the meaning of the summer solstice and the things that should be visible in that moonless night’s sky. Then we trooped out beyond the tennis courts. Conditions were perfect. The wind had died and the temperature had dropped to about 70 degrees. Several amateur astronomers from throughout the region had set up their telescopes and stood ready to explain the wonders to be seen through their eyepieces: moons of Saturn, colliding galaxies, immense celestial dust clowds, and more. For me, one of the marvels was Mammana’s enthusiasm. It doesn’t seem to wane even when he’s pointing out things he’s pointed out probably tens of thousands of times before: the North Star, constellations. I took an adult ed class in astronomy from him at San Diego State maybe 20 years ago, and he’s seems as patient and ebullient and enthralled by it all now as then.
 
He sounds particularly excited by the apparently imminent designation of Borrego Springs as an International Dark Sky Community. As such, it will be only the second city in the United States to be so recognized (by the International Dark Sky Association) and the first in California. One of the easiest ways to get updates on that and other local astronomical happenings is to sign up for Mammana’s free e-mail newsletter: http://www.dennismammana.com/skyinfo/newsletter.htm.

Marshall South Online

Saturday, June 13th, 2009

Few of us have had as flamboyantly romantic a vision as Marshal South. Around 1930, with the US sinking ever deeper inmarshallto Depression, South and his young wife Tanya packed their few possessions into their Model T Ford, drove to the desert east of San Diego, found a mountaintop that appealed to them, and decided to live on it, as simply and naturally as the native Americans who once preceded them. They called the place Ghost Mountain and within five years they’d constructed a compact adobe home that they christened Yaquitepec (after the Yaqui Indians of Sonora, Mexico.)

In the years that followed, the couple had three children who grew up naked, home-schooled by their parents and playing with lizards and packrats instead of conventional toys. Amidst the backbreaking work of trying to maintain a household in the absence of any modern conveniences (or even water), Tanya wrote poetry, and in 1939 Marshall chronicled the family’s grand experiment in the Saturday Evening Post. He later launched a series of articles in Desert Magazine that throbbed with enthusiasm for the primitive lifestyle, and he delighted the magazine’s readers with tales of the family’s ingenious adaptations to their harsh environment. But the adventures came to an end in 1946 when Tanya filed for divorce and moved the children back to the city. Two years later Marshall died of heart disease at the age of 59.

Today Ghost Mountain is a part of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, and although most of Yaquitepec has melted back into the earth, traces of the family’s peculiar domicile remain in the site. It’s a popular hiking destination, and for anyone interested in learning about the man who put it on the map, a rich new resource has just become available in the form of a website, www.marshalsouth.com.

The site was created by Diana Lindsay. A co-founder of the El Cajon-based Sunbelt Publications, Lindsay has long been transfixed by the saga of the South family. She mentioned it in her 1973 history of the desert state park (published by Copley Books). Eighteen years later, I myself wrote a much more extensive account of the story for the Reader, “The Hermits of Ghost Mountain.”  But Lindsay felt there was still more to be unearthed, and in 2001 shdianabooke plunged into several years of serious sleuthing that culminated in her 2005 book, Marshal South and the Ghost Mountain Chronicles: An Experiment in Primitive Living.

Hardcore Southophiles can pay a $9.95 annual membership, available through the site, that gives them unlimited access to published and unpublished articles, novels, poems, artwork, and photographs by and pertaining to the sage of the desert. But the site also offers a lot of excellent free material, including two rare film clips of the South family, directions to and maps of the area, and extensive information about the family’s experience.

I have to chuckle at the thought of Marshal, who heaped so much scorn on the trappings of modernity, having his own little homestead in cyberpace. At the same time, I’m pretty sure he would have loved it.

 

Border Tourists

Wednesday, May 20th, 2009

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The US-Mexican border is so many things to so many people, it’s easy to forget you can go right up to it and touch it.  Sort of.

It wasn’t so many centuries ago (less than one) that it was only an imaginary line in the dirt, and folks on both sides could cross at will.  Today not one but at least two daunting barricades stretch virtually the entire length between the ocean and the San Ysidro port of entry, with the most formidable construction having occurred during just the last year. Seeing what’s been done isn’t all that easy. Although Border Field State Park is situated at the westernmost section of the border, automotive access to the park is now limited to those hours (usually weekends from 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.) when the state park managers deign to staff the entry gates and collect the $5 parking fee. Pedestrians, bicyclists, and horseback riders usually can get in even when the car gates are closed. But it’s a long way from the park entrance to the actual fence. harris-at-the-monument-edited.jpg

So Mike Harris’s tour company makes a lot of sense, if you’re curious about what it all looks like. Harris is an almost-native (his family moved here when he was in grade school). He grew up in Imperial Beach, went to work for the Border Patrol, and after 26 years, took an early retirement. That was two and a half years ago. Since then he’s started Edgeline Tours, guiding curious visitors on a three- to four-hour adventure on the line.

A friend and I found the outing engrossing when we ventured out with Harris one morning last week. We started at the beach, where the increased fortification that’s taken place over the last 25 years is pretty stunning. The new 15-foot-tall steel mesh fence appears to block access to the charming old border monument, but Harris pushed open a gate and we were able to walk right up to it, almost in the shadow of Tijuana’s old bullring by the sea and the lighthouse that stands next to it. When we piled back into our vehicle, Harris drove us eastward, following the line as much as possible through the rugged terrain (which the tens of millions of dollars of recent government investment has made considerably more hospitable to the Border Patrol vehicles.)

The Tijuana River estuary, which adjoins the park, is considered to be a wetlands area of international stature, so Harris’s tour also provides glimpses into that natural richness, as well as the small community of sod and vegetable formers, stable owners, and other long-time residents who live around the park. But Harris, who’s a jovial and likable cicerone, is at his strongest providing insight into life as a Border Patrol agent.

We got more of that toward the end of the tour, when we stopped for a bathroom break at the aging facility that the agency rents at the San Ysidro port of entry and visited the gate where illegal aliens are ushered back into Mexico (usually to make another immediate la-linea-east-edited.jpgattempt to cross over). The tour wrapped up with what for me was the highlight — a drive down into the nearby Tijuana River bed.  It’s a wide, concrete channel here, dry as dust at this time of year and filled with an ugly assortment of discarded beer cans, styrofoam cartons, rags, and other unidentifiable jetsam.  A wide stripe of yellow paint angling down the concrete demarcates the border on one bank of the sometime watercourse, and another one mirrors it on the other side. But in the riverbed, the border can’t be seen. We stood on the mythical line, moving back and forth between the two sovereign nations with impunity. It felt exhilerating.

Tern Return

Saturday, May 16th, 2009

The first least terns of the season have returned (as they do every year in the late spring) to build their nests next to the runways at Lindbergh Field, according to the airport’s e-newsletter.  Although I suppose a sharp-eyed passenger might spot the nesting sites while taxiing, a better view can be had on one of the Airport authority’s free tours of the terminal and airfield.  Or for an even closer look at the endangered avians with the offbeat taste in lodgings, check out this video.

Spring Lace

Tuesday, February 24th, 2009

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San Diego needs rain, so the recent storms had only one drawback, as far as I was concerned.  All that wind helped to strip off the petals of the flowering pear trees — which are one of the delights of early spring in San Diego.

Flowering pears (Pyrus calleryanna), which are native to eastern Asia, don’t produce any flowering-pear.jpgactual pears. But every year around the beginning of February they begin bursting into showy white displays.  By Valentine’s Day, it usually looks as if they’re decked in lace. When the winds scatter the white petals, it’s about the closest San Diego gets to a dusting of snow.

Then the trees look sturdy but banal, at least until the fall, when the glossy green leaves turn scarlet to purplish and once again contribute to the seasonal color palette. 

Rebirth of a Wetland

Monday, February 2nd, 2009

river-and-racetrack-edited-and-lighter.jpgOf the 17 coastal wetland areas within the San Diego region, the San Dieguito Lagoon once ranked among the biggest. The marsh area alone is believed to have covered more than 600 acres.  But fish and marine creatures weren’t the only ones attracted to the seaside ecozone. Over time, people filled in more than half the marshland near the mouth of the San Dieguito River and built stuff on it: the Del Mar Racetrack and fairgrounds, houses and shopping centers, even an airfield (during the Second World War). Construction of Jimmy Durante Boulevard, Highway 101 (and later Interstate 5) further clogged the estuary, and upstream dams restricted the river’s volume. By the 1940s, the heavy hand of all this development had cut off the tidal flows.

Restoring at least some of the lost marshland has long been a dream of local naturalists, and two and a half years ago it began approaching reality when an $86 million restoration project funded by Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric got underway. (The utilities coughed up the money as penance for the fish eggs and larvae they routinely destroy by sucking seawater into their San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station for use as coolant.)  Now the 150-acre  project is nearing completion.

Everything hasn’t been put back the way it once was. West of I5 the river is still hemmed in by housing, the fairgrounds, and other development. And on the east side, the re-created marshland only occupies 75 acres. But there, river water is now flowing in twice daily, leaving behind pools filled with fish eggs and other sea life as the tide recedes.

The best way to experience what has taken shape is to drive to the south end of San Andres Drive, off Via de la Valle. Park on the street there and follow the river’s course westward along the newly bulldozed pathway. This section still feels far from pristine . The land has been scraped bare, and as the path nears Interstate 5, the roar of all that speeding metal overhead drowns out any natural melodies. Graffiti covering the walls of the freeway underpass creates a gritty, urban vibe, and a bit further west, the path skirts the end of a golf driving range. All the balls littering the trail made me wonder if I should have worn a helmet.

The hike improves as the path approaches Jimmy Durante Boulevard. Here San Dieguito River Valley Conservancy volunteers have constructed a 1400-foot-long elevated boardwalk and interpretive displays that explain the ecology of the watershed. West of Jimmy Durante, the City of Del Mar’s Riverpath proceeds along a bank covered with mature trees and thick vegetation. The other day, the wintry river was wide and its currents fast. At the end of the trail, the sight of that sweet fresh water surging into the salty surf felt like a reward.

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Where the river meets the sea

Although the heavy earth-moving phase of the lagoon restoration is over, reestablishment of the salt-marsh plants and coastal sage scrub habitat on the surrounding slopes will continue as hundreds of thousands of natives plants go in the ground. The project’s developers expect to see the restored lagoon eventually become a nursery for ocean fish and a nesting grounds for both local birds and migrants traveling along the Pacific Flyway.

As for humans, the lagoon and Riverwalk trails will be the grand finale if and when the San Diego River Park Conservancy reaches its dream of tying together 55 miles of consecutive trails following the river’s path from Volcan Mountain north of Julian to the sea.

 

Happy trails

Monday, January 5th, 2009

trail-5-sign-edited.jpgThroughout my 35 years in San Diego, I’ve visited Balboa Park  hundreds of times. I’ve written articles about it and led tour groups through it. But the recently inaugurated Balboa Park Trails system is opening doors and pointing the way to new pleasures, even for veteran park lovers like me.

Senior Park Ranger Casey Smith says roughly 24 loop trails ideal for walking and running have been identified throughout the 1172-acre preserve. All the trails run along existing byways, which range from well-trod concrete sidewalks to steep and rutted paths that penetrate the park’s little-explored canyons. But never before have they been mapped and measured and marked with easy-to-read signage. That’s what’s happening with the new trails project, which was conceived about two years ago when community activists David Contois and Alyssa Wolven separately approached Smith about the need for and value of such a system.

Contois and Wolven also helped obtain funding from the San Diego Foundation, and other community members helped plan the project. Smith says it cost about $8000 to complete the first phase, which emanates from the corner of Sixth Avenue and Upas Street (the northwest corner of the park).

There you find a large blue sign bearing agateway-sign-edited.jpg map and detailed descriptions of the five trails starting from the Sixth and Upas “Gateway.” These range in length from 1.5 to 6.6 miles, and in challenge from Easy (level, easily accessible concrete walkways) to Difficult (half of it consisting of sloping to steep dirt trails.)  Trail #5, the difficult 6.6.-mile one, has proven to be the most popular so far, according to park rangers.  Among other things, it explores the little-known Marston Hills Canyon, rambles up Gold Gulch, and follows the bridle path that runs along the western side of Highway 163.

Extensive clearing of some of the park’s canyons has taken place during the past two years, and as this occurred the homeless and drug users who once claimed these areas have move out too. So the trails that run through the groves of redwoods and Torrey Pines and Norfolk pines and olives trees and other wonderful woodsy specimens in these areas feel more like wilderness than urban wilds.

Smith says the next phase of the project will be a gateway erected in the Morley Field dog park parking lot; he hopes that will be up by June of 2009. With luck, the other three gateways will follow at roughly 6-month intervals after that. In the meantime, a map of the first phase can be downloaded from http://www.balboapark.org/maps/TrailMapBalboaAndSixth.pdf.